Graves Disease Essay - 981 Words

Graves’ disease was named after Robert J. Graves, MD, around the 1830’s. It is an autoimmune disease indicated by hyperthyroidism due to circulating autoantibodies, which is an antibody that attacks the person’s own body. The immune system attacks the thyroid gland, which causes it to produce too much thyroxine. Thyroxine is a hormone that helps control growth and also regulates metabolism in the body. While the thyroxine levels are high the patient’s metabolic rate increases, which can have an effect on their physical appearance as well as their frame of mind. Graves’ disease is the number one cause of hyperthyroidism in the U.S. There are many signs and symptoms of Graves’ disease. Symptoms of Graves’ disease include anxiety,†¦show more content†¦Experts aren’t sure the exact cause of Graves’ disease because it is an autoimmune disease. There are certain risk factors associated with Graves’ disease which include genetics, gender, age, pregnancy, mental stress, and smoking. People who have family history of this disease are more likely to develop it. Also females are more likely than males to acquire Graves’ disease and onset of the disease usually occurs after the age of 20. Anatomy affected by this disease is the thyroid gland which is part of the endocrine system. It is located at the back of the neck, below the Adam’s apple. This disease doesn’t destroy the thyroid gland, instead an antibody called thyrotropin receptor antibody makes the thyroid produce large amounts of hormone. The thyroid produces two hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine. These hormones affect many body systems and play a key role in regulating the body’s metabolic rate. Excessive secretion of these hormones is what causes the signs and symptoms that have already been described. Graves’ disease is diagnosed by performing a physical examination, a blood test, and determini ng radioactive iodine uptake. In the physical exam the doctor will inspect the eyes to see whether they are irritated or bulging. The thyroid is checked to ascertain if it is enlarged. The physician will check the hands and fingers for signs of trembling and ask questions about their symptoms. A blood test is given to see what the levels ofShow MoreRelatedGraves Disease772 Words   |  4 PagesGraves Disease The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves disease. This is an autoimmune disorder that attacks the thyroid gland and triggers the release of high levels of thyroid hormones. One of the hallmarks of Graves disease is a visible and uncomfortable swelling behind the eyes. Graves Disease Graves disease, which is caused by a generalized overactivity of the thyroid gland, is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. In this condition, the thyroid gland usually is renegadeRead MoreCase Study of Graves Disease Essay1639 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction The case study selected focused on Grave’s disease an autoimmune disorder involving over production of thyroid hormones triidiothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). In the United States it is the most common form of hyperthyroidism. The over taxed organ then becomes enlarged (goiter). This case study report will discuss the clinical progression and presentation of this disease, define and describe what an autoimmune disorder is, outline what clinical testing is performed for proper diagnosisRead MoreHyperthyroidism: Graves Disease and Thyroid Hormone Level977 Words   |  4 Pagesthe causes of hyperthyroidism? Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder and is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. The thyroid gland is diffusely enlarged and patients usually complain of eye discomfort or, in extreme cases, bulging eyes. This is most commonly seen among young females and affects multiple family members. A toxic nodule is a single nodule or lump in the thyroid gland that over-produces hormones, causing hyperthyroidism. Unlike Graves disease, this is not familial. It is alsoRead MoreGrave Disease : An Autoimmune Disease1096 Words   |  5 Pages Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease in which the over activity of the thyroid gland causes the overproduction of the thyroid hormone. This disease was described by Robert J. Graves a doctor from Ireland and is also known as Basedow’s disease. Even though there are several disorders that may result in hypothyroidism, grave disease is one of the most common type of hypothyroidism that occurs in 1 percent of U. S population (Anderson 2010). Furthermore, Grave disease is a disease that canRead MoreEssay on Graves Disease1625 Words   |  7 PagesGraves Disease The disease was first noted in 1786 by Caleb Hillier Parry 1755- 1822, physician from General Hospital, Bath, England. His account was published posthumously in 1825. However Graves disease is named after the Irish physician who described several cases in London Medical Journal in 1835. Graves disease is also known as Parrys disease. In Europe, the disease is known as Basedows disease. It is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis (the morbid condition due to over activityRead MoreAn Autoimmune Disorder That Directly Affects The Thyroid Gland1539 Words   |  7 PagesGraves’ Disease is identified as an autoimmune disorder that directly affects the thyroid gland. Characterized as the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ Disease encompasses an overactive, enlarged thyroid gland, which produces an excess of thyroid hormones [1]. Approximately 3% of the United States population is affected by Graves’ Disease and 60-80% of patients affected with Graves’ disease are diagnosed with hyperthyroidism [2]. The approximate female to male ratio is 5/1, with majorityRead MoreThe Thyroid Gland1243 Words   |  5 PagesHYPE RTHYROIDISM- GRAVES’ DISEASE The thyroid gland is very important in proper functioning of the human body. The hormones it releases are vital in regulating growth and metabolic reaction. The thyroid gland is relatively small (about 20g) and is located at the base of the neck, connected to the windpipe and voicebox. Its structure may be described as ‘butterfly-shaped’ as it is composed of two connected lobes. See image: The two main hormones secreted by the thyroid gland are tetraiodothyronineRead MoreHashimotos Vs. Graves Disease762 Words   |  4 PagesHashimoto’s Disease vs. Graves Disease Anna Grochowski Salter College Anatomy and Physiology II September 18, 2013 Dr. P. Wong Hashimotos disease can also be called chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis or autoimmune thyroiditis. An autoimmune disease happens when the bodys immune system attacks its own cells and organs instead of its normal job of protecting the body from infection. Hashimotos disease specifically attacks the thyroid gland, causing inflammationRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Autoimmune Diseases834 Words   |  4 Pagesautoimmune diseases Autoimmune diseases are caused by auto-antibodies, according to auto-antibodies can be divided into: organ-specific, which affects one organ; non-organ specific, which are a multisystem disease. 2.1. Organ-specific 2.1.1. Autoimmune thyroid diseases They are a common cause of thyroid disorders and it is caused by auto-antibodies against the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSH), intracytoplasmic antigen or thyroglobulin. 2.1.1.1.Grave s disease Grave s disease is the mostRead MoreThe Human Body Of The Thyroid Gland1254 Words   |  6 Pagesthis case will be on overactive thyroid glands and on the specific case of Graves’ disease. Hyperthyroidism is a term used to describe an overactive thyroid gland. This is usually prevented by the process mentioned above, however there are some factors that can cause hyperthyroidism. One of these factors is Graves’ disease. In Graves’ disease, a response in the body’s immune system (the system which defends against disease) causes the antibody thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) to be produced

A Thesis Statement On Neil Armstrong s Moon - 1091 Words

I. Introduction A. Thesis Statement Neil Armstrong s 1969 lunar landing was one of humanity s greatest accomplishments. Since then, we have found that an infinite supply of knowledge and resources await us just outside our atmosphere. Today, however, critics are beginning to argue more and more that the cost of space exploration is too high, and therefore new technological developments should be left to the private sector. Whether funded privately or by the government, funding of space exploration is imperative because NASA is essentially the only agency with the technological capabilities to support aircraft manufacturing, air safety and air transportation. Space exploration has also resulted in remarkable innovations that has played a key role in aeronautics research, preventative medicine, and allows scientists to study asteroids, along with other space debris and their impacts on Earth. II. Body Paragraph 1 – Topic Sentence 1 With the threat of Congress cutting NASA s budget, the United State s sixty year preeminence in space exploration is in serious peril.. A. Supporting Evidence In the 2013 article â€Å"Budget Gains For Physical Sciences Will Be Uncertain At Best†, Kramer states: â€Å"The President has proposed a combination of tax increases and cuts to entitlement programs to pay for the increased spending. Leadership of the Republican-controlled House of Representatives has made clear its opposition to tax increases.† (para. 3). B. Explanation NASA is a largeShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of the Music Industry30024 Words   |  121 Pagesjazz and world music). In mainstream music, recording and marketing are now dominated by just four `majors worldwide, one of which is the UK s own giant record company, EMI Group PLC. The other majors are Universal Music Group and Warner Music Group, based in the US, and Sony BMG, a Japanese/German joint venture only created in 2004. One of EMI s major strengths is its historic catalogue of recordings — and copyrights — which includes The Beatles and many other enduring acts of the last centuryRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesRobert D. Nale, Coastal Carolina University; Robert H. Votaw, Amber University; Don Fagan, Daniel Webster University; Andrew J. Deile, Mercer University; Samuel Hazen, Tarleton State University; Michael B. McCormick, Jacksonville State University; Neil K. Friedman, Queens College; Lawrence Aronhime, John Hopkins University; Joseph Marrocco, Boston University; Morgan Milner, Eastern Michigan University; Souha Ezzedeen, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg; Regina Hughes, University of Texas;

Explaining The Cost Object Anthropology Essay Example For Students

Explaining The Cost Object Anthropology Essay Ideally all cost drivers for a merchandise needs to be identified identified, but in pattern the figure of drivers is normally limited to those that have the most important impact on cost. Therefore there is ever a restriction that there may be more cost drivers which may hold been missed in the earlier phases of appraisal Point appraisal in simple ABC theoretical accounts does non supply information on the sensitiveness of merchandise costs to treat fluctuation. The integrating between cost information and clip in this method is non easy. Besides the cost incurred in existent clip application of this theoretical account is on the higher side.The value this theoretical account provides for the cost it incurs will be a deciding factor in its use in the administrations particularly medium and smaller 1s. It is besides non possible to widen the theoretical account to environments where there are many undertakings. There is a menace of one undertaking subsidising another. The theoretical account for each undertaking is tightly coupled that the alterations in assorted phases of the undertakings needs complex restructuring of the costing. Explaining Cost Object The cost can be used as an first-class medium that can form assorted types of information of multiple undertakings. Cost informations that normally reside in more than one system are brought together to organize a individual information theoretical account which can efficaciously bring forth the real-time information necessary for timely determination devising. A cost theoretical account in an object-oriented format integrates cost informations that otherwise exists in separate information systems. The usage of cost as a agency to mensurate undertaking public presentation has been widely accepted by the building industry. Hamburger ( 1986 ) presented three perceptual experiences of undertaking costs along the timeline:committedness, disbursal, and hard currency escape. These percepts represent the lifecycle facet of undertaking cost in assorted undertaking phases. To use the earned value method for clip and cost control, the cost information needs to be integrated with clip related information ( Rasdorf and Abudayyeh 1991 ) . Teicholz ( 1987 ) proposed a function mechanism that connects cost dislocation construction ( CBS ) and work breakdown construction ( WBS ) by apportioning costs to work points in proportions. Kim and Ibbs ( 1992 ) used an object-oriented method to develop a theoretical account that contains cost and clip information within the object. The cost based theoretical account discussed in this paper applies the constructs ofmerchandise theoretical account and procedure theoretical account. The development of these theoretical accounts has been attempted by several research workers to pattern project information. Merchandise theoretical accounts describe the structural composing of merchandises and are utile in organizing and pass oning the information to the undertaking participants. Procedure theoretical accounts describe the concern activities associated with merchandise lifecycle. In a manner the procedure theoretical account represent of import stairss throughout a undertaking lifecycle. In contrast with the activity based undertaking theoretical accounts, the cost based undertaking patterning CBPM efforts to pattern building undertakings in footings of cost. CBPM breaks down the undertaking into cost points and hierarchically reorganise them based on cost oriented relationships. To pattern a undertaking utilizing the CBPM, the nucleus component of the cost informations must foremost be defined. This component is referred to as cost object CostObj, which is a information object based on object-oriented platform. CostObj contains the belongingss and the behavior of cost in formation. It is a self-contained and independent object in which the nucleus belongingss are cost values and timestamps. As shown in figure 1 CostObj would incorporate CBS information, undertaking WBS information, undertaking demand paperss, and undertaking agenda information. It could besides incorporate extra cost information stored within the cost object. The programming of the undertaking activities play an of import function and its of import to hold the programming activities revolve around the cost as clip has direct impact on it. The planning and execution of any undertaking can merely be done after it has been analysed and split into manageable undertakings. It is necessary for a undertaking to hold a cardinal signifier of Work breakdown construction. Work dislocations must be carried out in a systematic manner and structural relationship between the different components of work has led to the widespread usage of the term Work breakdown construction normally abbreviated to WBS. ( Dennis Lock ) A typical WBS for big undertaking could be assumed to be that of a household tree or that of a saber saw mystifier. The thought of the whole undertaking could be visualised with all the pieces of saber saw in right topographic point and no pieces losing. The entire costing must be spread over the undertaking work breakdown construction so that there is a specified budget for each work bundle. Sleep deprivation EssayThere are different degrees of abstraction that is followed in this theoretical account. Even though theoretical account provides different degrees of information abstraction, it portions the same information regardless of the user degrees. At the operational degree of the direction, the cost information presented must be detailed and accurate. All the cost related interaction in assorted subclasses of the cost object must be captured. The hard currency flow profile of a individual undertaking can be prepared for undertaking directors whereas similar profiles across multiple undertakings will be utile for the regional troughs. The aggregation of such outgos can so stand for the advancement of building activities. The advancement of the work bundles and finally of the full undertaking can once more be derived from the aggregation of elaborate individual cost interactions. The completeness of the information contained is ensured by tie ining each cost value to a day of the month therefore tracking every pecuniary activity of the undertaking. The Costobjectroot is responsible for organizing the information from CCostobject and its subclasses which contains the possible undertaking costs. Each case of these categories in item will enable in seeing the full history of the cost for an point throughout the undertaking. This will besides assist in the future appraisal of similar undertakings as this information could be archived and later used for declarative intents. The integrating of the cost informations to the undertaking calendar will give the information theoretical account a medium to quantify the advancement of the undertaking and measure the cost public presentation. Cost public presentation is normally measured by comparing the earned value to the existent estimated cost of the undertaking. The discrepancy in this value can be used to cognize the quantum of deviation.This theoretical account will assist in the extension of the Earned value theoretical account to be extended to multiple undertakings. It allows the undertaking director to calculate the undertaking s concluding cost demands based on its public presentation against the program. One of the more good facets of the earned-value construct retained in this theoretical account is its ability to independently calculate the sum needed financess at the terminal of a undertaking, normally called the estimation at completion. Based on undertaking public presentation against the prog ram, a undertaking director can accurately gauge the entire financess required to complete the occupation within a finite scope of values .This will give a just thought about the success of the undertaking and besides invariably able to reschedule the undertaking outlooks during its assorted phases. Comparison with traditional theoretical accounts The bing theoretical accounts focus on activities that are organised around the Work Breakdown Structure ( WBS ) .This will restrict the administration broad direction of the costs which will necessitate information integrating among assorted undertakings. By utilizing the object oriented constructs ; the cost object integrates the existent clip cost informations across different undertakings. This will assist the direction in designation of the underperforming and concentrate on its defects. The information theoretical account used is compact by hive awaying merely relevant informations in the objects. This allows the easy informations retrieval irrespective of the size of the database this theoretical account is used with. Data use of this kind was non possible in the earlier theoretical accounts as we had to depend on the activities for acquiring the cost information. A undertaking faces many alterations and uncertainnesss during its operation which require necessary steps at the clip of the job s happening. The discussed information theoretical account focuses on accomplishing real-time undertaking control. Such real-time undertaking control is merely possible when a real-time information system is available. An information system that can analyse the history, look into the current position, and forecast the hereafter is indispensable in the bar of upcoming jobs. The theoretical account shows that supplying the most updated information to users is possible through the object-oriented design of the information end product object CInfoOutCell. Besides it demonstrates the feasibleness of incorporating informations from diverse locations and formats to be synthesized in real-time into utile information for determination devising. This construct proves the feasibleness to be integrated with bing undertaking direction systems to execute undertaking direction maps such as earned value analysis for multiple undertakings on a real-time footing.